The vertical burrows are typically open, although the worms cap the top with residue and excrement. Some earthworm species create vertical burrows, whereas other species live in horizontal burrows in the soil. The following soil properties can be improved by earthworms. The burrowing and feeding activity of earthworms have numerous beneficial effects on overall soil quality for crop production. This makes understanding these lowly animals and finding ways to make them thrive very important. They play a pivotal role in maintaining the productivity of our soils. Earthworms are among the most visible of soil organisms and have received considerable attention. We are now realizing how interactions between crops, climate, soil, and living organisms play important roles in sustaining our agriculture. Emphasis was placed on physical and chemical aspects of plant growth while biological aspects were neglected. Only a few decades ago, the predominating thought was that earthworms were not very important for agriculture.
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